The multiple benefits of goji berries

2020-08-11

A superfruit used for more than 2000 years in traditional Chinese medicine, the goji berry has become increasingly popular in the West because of its high content of vitamins and antioxidants. Discover its various benefits.

Features Healthy Aging

Small bowl of dried goji berries on a table

A superfruit high in vitamins, trace elements and amino acids

Goji berries come from one of two species of the boxthorn shrub (Lycium chinense or barbarum). They contain a wide variety of nutrients and micronutrients:

multiple vitamins (C, B1, B2, E...) ;
21 trace elements (zinc, copper, phosphorus...) ;
18 amino acids(leucine, lysine, valine...) ;
fibre;
proteins...

With almost 50mg per 100g of fresh fruit, goji berries are an excellent source of vitamin C, one of the most important vitamins for human health. Also known as ascorbic acid, vitamin C helps to maintain the immune system, promote collagen formation and reduce fatigue, etc. (1)

Vitamin C is also a powerful antioxidant. Indeed, when it comes to antioxidants, the goji berry has more than its fair share.

The goji berry: a veritable antioxidant cocktail

Regularly referred to in magazines as a superfood, the goji berry appears to offer a veritable wealth of antioxidants, according to an increasing number of studies. In particular, it contains carotenoids and polysaccharides, which it seems are responsible for its antioxidant effects. (2) As one study commented, “the goji berry has been identified as an important source of antioxidant compounds, with properties beneficial for health”. (3)

Indeed, in traditional Chinese medicine, the goji berry has been associated with anti-aging effects, no doubt because of its antioxidant compounds which help fight the aging process. Goji berries have even been called “the fruit of eternal youth”.

Other potential benefits of the goji berry: brain, eye and heart health ...

Other properties are still being investigated. One recent study looked at the effects of a goji berry extract-based treatment on neuroplasticity of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in aged subjects. The treatment (3g of goji berries per kilo of bodyweight, for 60 days) resulted in a significant increase in dendritic morphology in these two regions of the brain, and greater immunoreactivity. (4)

The prefrontal cortex plays a decisive role in regulating mood, while the hippocampus is instrumental in the management of memory and awareness of the past. This study thus positions goji berry extract as a potential supplement for the brain.

In addition, the dendritic cells mentioned in this study are a population of leukocytes with original properties, involved in innate and acquired immunity (5). This would seem to support the use of goji berries in traditional Chinese medicine as an immunostimulant.

Another recent study evaluated the effect of a goji berry extract on abnormal breast cells. These trials not only demonstrated the extract’s absence of toxicity but also noted its ability to act against deviant cells. (6) However, there is a need for further expansion of research into goji berries. It has traditionally been associated with positive effects on vision, sexual function, cardiac health and glycaemia. (7-11)

Goji berry extract and synergistic supplements

In summary, goji berries constitute an excellent, natural health ally, with their high content of pro-immunity vitamin C, minerals and antioxidants. If you want to maximise your intake, a good option is to consume them in the form of a dietary supplement (such as Goji Berry Extract). This can be happily combined with other supplements too, including turmeric and vitamin D.

References

https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1226
Skenderidis P, Lampakis D, Giavasis I, et al. Chemical Properties, Fatty-Acid Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum L. and Lycium chinense Mill.) Fruits. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019;8(3):60. Published 2019 Mar 10. doi:10.3390/antiox8030060
Goji berry fruit (Lycium spp.): antioxidant compound fingerprint and bioactivity evaluation, D. Donno, G.L. Beccaro, M.G. Mellano, A.K. Cerutti, G. Bounous, Journal of Functional Foods, October 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2014.05.020
The treatment of Goji berry (Lycium barbarum) improves the neuroplasticity of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in aged rats, Ana Karen Ruíz-Salinas, Rubén A Vázquez-Roque, Alfonso Díaz, Guadalupe Pulido, Samuel Treviño, Benjamín Floran, Gonzalo Flores, in The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, September 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108416
http://acces.ens-lyon.fr/acces/thematiques/immunite-et-vaccination/thematiques/reponse-immunitaire/comprendre/immuniteinnee/cd-types-et-fonctions
Anna Wawruszak, Arkadiusz Czerwonka, Karolina Okła & Wojciech Rzeski (2016) Anticancer effect of ethanol Lycium barbarum (Goji berry) extract on human breast cancer T47D cell line, Natural Product Research, 30:17, 1993-1996, DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1101691
Bucheli P, Gao Q, Redgwell R, et al. Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects of Chinese Wolfberry. In: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S, editors. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd edition. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2011. Chapter 14. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92756/
Bone R.A, Landrum J.T, Guerra L.H, Ruiz C.A. Lutein and zeaxanthin dietary supplements raise macular pigment density and serum concentrations of these carotenoids in humans. J Nutr. 2003;133:992–8.
Sohn D.W, Kim H.Y, Kim S.D, editors. et al. Elevation of intracavernous pressure and NO-cGMP activity by a new herbal formula in penile tissues of spontaneous hypertensive male rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;120:176–80.
Li W, Dai S.Z, Ma W, Gao L. Effects of oral administration of Wolfberry on blood superoxide dismutase (SOD), hemoglobin (Hb) and lipid peroxide (LPO) levels in old people. Chin Trad Herb Drugs. 1991;22:251–68.
Wu H, Guo H, Zhao R. Effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on the improvement of antioxi-dantability and DNA damage in NIDDM rats. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2006;126:365–71.